May 16, 2016 — Patients treated with processed autologous adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) injected into the heart muscle demonstrated symptomatic improvement and a trend towards lower rates of heart failure hospitalizations and angina, despite no improvement in left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) or ventricular volumes. The ATHENA trial results were presented as a late-breaking clinical trial at the 2016 Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) annual meeting.
ADRCs are a combination of cell types, such as adult stem cells, vascular endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Preclinical data indicates that these cells promote blood vessel growth, modulate inflammation and reduce cell death. These cells can be used in a variety of tissue types, including bone, cartilage, fat, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle.
“ADRCs consist of multiple cell types with multiple potential benefits,” said Timothy D. Henry, M.D., MSCAI, director, division of cardiology at the Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute. Los Angeles, Calif., and the study’s lead investigator. “Based on the results seen with ADRCs in the PRECISE trial, we designed ATHENA to look at these cells as a possible treatment option for people with refractory chronic myocardial ischemia.”
The phase 2 program was comprised of two prospective, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trials (ATHENA and ATHENA II). The patients (average age 65 years) in each group (17 ADRCs, 14 placebo) were on the maximally tolerated medical management with an EF score of 20-45 percent. EF, the amount of blood pumped out of the ventricles with each contraction, can be an early indicator of heart failure if the score is 35 percent or below. The baseline average EF score for both groups was 31.6 percent. The patients were also CCS angina class II-IV and/or NYHA class II-III, had ongoing ischemia and multi-vessel cardiovascular disease, but were not candidates for revascularization.
Using standard liposuction, a small volume of the patient’s fat tissue (<450 ml) was extracted and then the cells were separated from the tissue and concentrated (Celution System, Cytori Therapeutics, San Diego, Calif.) on-site. Following cell processing, the ADRCs were injected directly into the patient’s heart muscle.
At the one-year mark, the ADRC treated patients with at least one class improvement in heart failure class (57 percent) and angina class (67 percent) tended to be higher relative to the placebo group (15 and 27 percent, respectively). Further, the cell-treated patients noted an improvement in the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire (-21.6 vs. -5.5, p=0.038) and showed a trend toward relatively fewer heart failure hospitalizations (centrally adjudicated [2/17, 11.7 vs. 2/14, 21.4 percent]). There were no between group differences in LVEF or ventricular volume.
Henry noted that while ATHENA observed a small patient population, the results are promising and consistent with what was seen with PRECISE and should provide the foundation for a large phase 3 trial.
The study, designed to enroll 90 patients, was terminated prematurely due to three neurological events that prolonged trial enrollment, but were not cell related.
Henry reported that he received modest support from Cytori Therapeutics, the sponsor of the trial.
For more information: www. SCAI.org/SCAI2016
November 19, 2021 
