News | EP Lab | May 17, 2018

Novel Antibiotics Can Help Lower EP Device Infection Rates

PADIT Study included more than 19,000 patients to test ability of cefazolin, vancomycin and cephalexin in cutting pacemaker and ICD infection rates

Novel Antibiotics Can Help Lower EP Device Infection Rates. Pictured here is an ICD. Implantation of pacemakers, ICDs and the related cardiac leads opens patients to infection risk.

Implantation of pacemakers, ICDs and the related cardiac leads opens patients to infection risk.


May 10, 2018 – A new study is the first to test the clinical effectiveness of incremental peri-operative antibiotics as a method to reduce potential infection of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). The trial compared the novel peri-operative antibiotics strategy to the conventional treatment of pre-procedural cefazolin, a common antibiotic. The Prevention of Arrhythmia Device Infection Trial (PADIT) study included 19,603 patients from 28 centers and is the first time a randomized cluster cross-over design has been used in CIED patients. The results of the study were presented at Heart Rhythm 2018, the Heart Rhythm Society’s 39th Annual Scientific Sessions.

CIED devices, like pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, are a common treatment option for patients suffering from cardiac arrhythmias. Today, about 400,000 devices are implanted annually, and more than 3 million Americans have CIEDs.[1] Infection of implanted medical devices can have serious consequences for patients. Currently, antibiotics are often administered before the procedure as a precaution but are not guaranteed to protect against common pathogens found in device infections. This is the first study to evaluate the effectiveness of incremental peri-operative antibiotics to reduce device infection.

Twenty-eight centers were randomized to use either conventional or incremental antibiotic treatment in all patients at the time of device implant over four six-month periods. The trial included 19,603 patients, of whom 12,842 were high-risk. The mean patient age was 72 ± 13.1 years old and 40 percent had a history of heart failure. Conventional treatment was pre-procedural cefazolin infusion. Incremental treatment was pre-procedural cefazolin plus vancomycin, intra-procedural bacitracin pocket wash and two-day post-procedural oral cephalexin. The primary outcome was one-year hospitalization for device infection analyzed by hierarchical logistic regression modeling, adjusting for random cluster and cluster-period effects.

Infection occurred in 99 patients (1.03 percent) receiving conventional treatment, and in 78 (0.78 percent) receiving incremental treatment. In higher risk patients, hospitalization for infection occurred in 77 (1.23 percent) patients receiving conventional antibiotics and in 66 (1.01 percent) receiving incremental antibiotic. The observed difference in infection rates was not statistically significant but was consistent with a modest benefit from incremental antibiotics.

“Infections of these devices, while not very common, can have a long-lasting and devastating impact on patients. It’s really important that we explore robust measures to prevent infections from occurring,” said lead author Andrew Krahn, M.D., head of the division of cardiology and professor of medicine at the University of British Columbia. “Our results show that incremental antibiotics strategy can have a modest, positive effect when the infection rate is low. We hope that our study will help clinicians identify patients that may benefit from this treatment option and utilize a targeted, high intensive antibiotic strategy to reduce and prevent infections.”

The authors note that this topic will continue to be investigated with another clinical study “World-wide Randomized Antibiotic Envelope Infection Prevention Trial (WRAP-IT),” which examines an antibiotic envelope device that is put into the pocket where the surgery is performed to assess the efficacy of reducing infections. Results of this study are expected to be published in 2019.

Find links to all the Heart Rhythm 2018 Late-breaking Studies

Reference:

1. Eric Buch, Noel G. Boyle and Peter H. Belott. Pacemaker and Defibrillator Lead Extraction. Circulation. 2011;123:e378-e380, originally published March 21, 2011.
 

2. A.D. Krahn, F. Philippon, D.V. Exner, et al. 766 Prevention of Arrhythmia Device Infection Trial (PADIT): Pilot Study Results. Canadian Journal of Cardiology. September–October, 2012Volume 28, Issue 5, Supplement, Page S394. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2012.07.691
 

 

#HRS2018


Related Content

News | Cardiovascular Clinical Studies

Aug. 15, 2024 — According to a new study being presented at ACC Asia 2024 in Delhi, India, drinking over 400 mg of ...

Home August 14, 2024
Home
Videos | Cardiovascular Clinical Studies

As part of DAIC's continuing Thought Leadership Series, this month Editorial Director Melinda Taschetta-Millane sits ...

Home July 30, 2024
Home
News | Cardiovascular Clinical Studies

July 25, 2024 — BioCardia, Inc., a global leader in cellular and cell-derived therapeutics for the treatment of ...

Home July 25, 2024
Home
News | Cardiovascular Clinical Studies

July 18, 2024 — Elucid, a pioneering AI medical technology company providing physicians with imaging analysis software ...

Home July 18, 2024
Home
News | Cardiovascular Clinical Studies

July 10, 2024 — CellProthera, a private company specializing in cell-based therapies for repairing ischemic tissues, and ...

Home July 10, 2024
Home
News | Cardiovascular Clinical Studies

July 9, 2024 — Microbot Medical Inc. announced the completion of the first procedure in a patient utilizing its LIBERTY ...

Home July 09, 2024
Home
News | Cardiovascular Clinical Studies

June 26, 2024 — Semaglutide, a medication initially developed for type 2 diabetes and obesity, significantly improves ...

Home June 26, 2024
Home
News | Cardiovascular Clinical Studies

June 21, 2024 — Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. announced that the peer-reviewed Journal of the American College of ...

Home June 21, 2024
Home
News | Cardiovascular Clinical Studies

June 20, 2024 — Microbot Medical Inc. announced its agreement with Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH), a leading ...

Home June 20, 2024
Home
News | Cardiovascular Clinical Studies

June 20, 2024 — A programming algorithm, being tested by HonorHealth Research Institute for those patients with new or ...

Home June 20, 2024
Home
Subscribe Now