The ideal treatment of AF would be a truly minimally invasive procedure with results comparable to the Cox maze. This goal led to the convergence of surgical and electrophysiologic expertise to create a hybrid procedure for the treatment of symptomatic persistent AF.
Using a pericardioscope, which is passed transabdominally through the central tendon of the diaphragm, the surgeon is able to directly visualize both atria, including the posterior left atrium and both sets of pulmonary vein.
